• Infratip lobule: portion of lobule located inferior to tip-defining point and superior to infratip break • Infratip break: lobule-columella junction • Nasal sill: nostril rim located between columella and…

FIGURE 35–1. Anatomy of nasopharynx (sagittal). • Inferior: soft palate (free edge) • Superior/posterior: skull base, clivus, C1 Anatomic Subsites • Roof • Lateral walls • Posterior pharyngeal wall IMAGING…

TABLE 25–1. Sinonasal Papilloma Exophytic Papilloma • Pathophysiology: 1. More common in males (8:1), most common in fifth decade 2. Most arise from nasal septum; rarely involves vestibule, turbinates, or…

Biopsy • Endoscopic biopsies prior to definitive surgical procedure and radiological evaluation Classification • WHO classification for malignant sinonasal tumours 1. Malignant epithelial: (a) SCC, (b) adenoid cystic carcinoma, (c)…

• History of prior nasal or sinus surgery may compromise flap harvesting and selection of tissue for skull base reconstruction. • Previous sphenoid surgery may have compromised the posterior septal…

FIGURE 36–1. Endoscopic image of a cadaveric dissection of the anterior skull base region after complete exposure of the anterior ventral skull base via a modified Lothrop procedure anteriorly, total…

• The age group most affected by AR is late teens to early twenties. • Risk factors: cigarette exposure, family history of atopy, higher socioeconomic status, first born or only…

FIGURE 15–1. Purulent discharge from middle meatus indicates acute rhinosinusitis. FIGURE 15–2. A swab is introduced into the middle meatus to obtain purulent discharge for bacterial culture. • Specimens from…

– Juvenile nasal angiofibromas (JNA) classically present with heavy epistaxis in a teenage male 7. Vascular anomalies – Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) causes recurrent epistaxis from vascular anomalies in the…