Neuro-Ophthalmologic Examination—Efferent System Disorders of the efferent visual system result in either ocular misalignment or abnormalities in ocular motility without ocular misalignment. The most frequent symptom that prompts a neuro-ophthalmologic…
Retrochiasmal Disorders The predominant visual sign of any lesion involving the postchiasmal visual pathway is the homonymous hemianopia. The form of the homonymous hemianopia will differ depending on what portion…
Nonphysiologic Visual Loss Patients may present with complaints that mimic organic disease but are factitious. The diagnosis requires demonstrating normal or better than stated visual function. Furthermore, it is important…
Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Ophthalmologist Kiran S. Talekar Adam E. Flanders The superior contrast resolution and multiplanar capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) make it uniquely qualified for the…
Retinal Artery Occlusion Occlusion of retinal arterioles in the form of a branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) or central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) may be a precursor to further visual…
Visual Fields Testing visual fields is an integral part of the neuro-ophthalmologic examination in any patient with an afferent system problem. In fact, any patient who has decreased vision that…
Examination of the Afferent Visual System The purpose of the neuro-ophthalmic examination is to detect visual abnormalities (acuity or visual field) and to determine if they are due to neuro-ophthalmic…
Dietary Prevention and Treatment of Ocular Disease Billy R. Hammond Jr. Eric Lien INTRODUCTION Training in nutrition in most allopathic medical schools is minimal1 and limited to a focus on…
Contact Lens-Related Corneal Infections Fiona Stapleton Mark Willcox INTRODUCTION Contact lenses for the correction of low refractive errors remain a popular alternative to spectacles as a means of vision correction,…
