Ophthalmoplegic Syndromes and Trauma
Ophthalmoplegic Syndromes and Trauma Paul R. Mitchell Marshall M. Parks DUANE RETRACTION SYNDROME Prior to publication of Alexander Duane’s description in 19051 this syndrome had been described by Stilling2 in…
Cranial Nerve Palsies
Cranial Nerve Palsies Paul R. Mitchell Marshall M. Parks* *Marshall M. Parks, M.D. (1916–2005), was the original author of this chapter first published in Duane’s Clinical Ophthalmology in 1976 and…
Dissociated Strabismus Complex
Dissociated Strabismus Complex M. Edward Wilson The dissociated strabismus complex (DSC) is an intriguing ocular motor phenomenon that was first reported more than a century ago.1 The classic pattern of…
Oblique Muscle Dysfunctions
Oblique Muscle Dysfunctions Marshall M. Parks Paul R. Mitchell Oblique muscle dysfunctions occur in both the superior and inferior oblique muscles. The dysfunction may produce hypocontraction or hypercontraction of the…
A and V Patterns
A and V Patterns Marshall M. Parks Paul R. Mitchell A and V patterns are manifested by a horizontal change of alignment of the eyes that occurs on midline upgaze…
Concomitant Vertical Deviations
Concomitant Vertical Deviations Paul R. Mitchell Marshall M. Parks Concomitant vertical misalignment of a few diopters is not a rare occurrence. In most instances, good fusional vergences overcome the deviation,…
Monofixation Syndrome
Monofixation Syndrome Marshall M. Parks As the evaluation of strabismus therapy became increasingly critical, attention was focused on a relatively large group of patients who had a small residual deviation….
Concomitant Exodeviations
Concomitant Exodeviations Paul R. Mitchell Marshall M. Parks Visual axes that form a divergent angle as they proceed outward constitute an exodeviation. Diverged visual axes kept latent by single binocular…
