Retinoblastoma: Staging and Grouping
Group Subgroup Descriptor Prognosis Group I Ia Solitary tumor < 4 DD at or behind the equator Very favorable Ib Multiple tumors, none > 4 DD, all at or behind the equator Group II…
Intra-ophthalmic Artery Chemotherapy for Retinoblastoma
Fig. 12.1 Super-selective catheterization of the ophthalmic artery (Reproduced with permission from Jabbour et al. [33]) 12.4 Current Results Abramson’s initial report was that of a phase I/II trial of…
Retinoblastoma: International Perspective
Incidence may be higher Advanced intraocular disease at presentation Extraocular disease at presentation Delayed diagnosis Existence of several barriers to optimal delivery of care Poor survival rate International collaborative efforts…
Retinoblastoma: Intravenous Chemotherapy
Fig. 11.1 Pretreatment group B retinoblastoma (a). Note reduction in tumor volume 3 weeks after the administration of the first cycle of carboplatin, etoposide, and vincristine (b). Focal consolidation may…
Retinoblastoma Tumorigenesis
Fig. 6.1 Retinoblastoma arises during retinal development. (a) The mature retina is made up of seven major classes of retinal cell types (rods, cones, ganglion cells, bipolar cells, horizontal neurons,…
Retinoblastoma: Genetic Counseling and Testing
Fig. 8.1 This pedigree represents an apparently sporadic bilateral retinoblastoma in the proband, but genetic testing of the parent revealed that the unaffected mother is mosaic for the RB1 mutation….
Retinoblastoma: Treatment Options
Author No. eyes Regimen Cycles V eyes EBR Enuc None F/U (months) Gallie [9] 40 VRES 18 4 1 13 3 Kingston [26] 24 VRE 2–4 24 20 6 18…
Non-ocular Tumors
Fig. 19.1 Cumulative incidence of second malignancy following diagnosis of retinoblastoma in patients with hereditary and nonhereditary retinoblastoma (a) and in the hereditary retinoblastoma with and without radiation treatment (b)…
Retinocytoma or Retinoma
Fig. 7.1 The ophthalmoscopic appearance of retinocytoma. Note translucent grayish retinal mass, calcification, retinal pigment epithelial alteration and chorioretinal atrophy (a). Chorioretinal atrophy may not be present in the early…
Retinoblastoma: Metastatic Disease
Fig. 18.1 Retinoblastoma with regional extraocular spread Fig. 18.2 The bone marrow aspiration smear positive for the retinoblastoma cells 18.3 Diagnostic Evaluation Patients suspected to have extraocular retinoblastoma need to…
