Surgery of the Suprarenal Gland
Surface Right adrenal gland Left adrenal gland Anterior surface Superior: “bare area” of the liver Inferior: peritoneum and first part of the duodenum (occasionally) Medial: inferior vena cava (IVC) Lateral:…
Deep Neck Space Infections
Fig. 7.1 Anatomy of the submandibular space. It has two subdivisions separated by the mylohyoid muscle: sublingual space inferiorly and submaxillary superiorly 7.2.2 Etiology Infection in the submandibular space may…
Maxillofacial Injuries
Fig. 1.1 (a) Severe lacerations due to blunt facial trauma associated with facial fractures. (b) A linear cut wound of the cheek caused by assault with a sharp object Avulsions…
Swellings of the Jaw
Fig. 4.1 Classification of swellings of the jaw according to origin Fig. 4.2 Plain X-ray showing a smooth, well-circumscribed lucent cavity (black arrows) containing the crown of an unerupted tooth,…
Tumors of the Pharynx
Fig. 10.1 Anatomy of the nasopharynx. The uppermost part of the pharynx 10.1.1 Benign Tumors (Nasopharyngeal Fibroma/Angiofibroma) Nasopharyngeal fibroma or angiofibroma is a benign tumor, which is highly destructive causing…
Surgery of Parathyroid Glands
Condition Inheritance and mutation Organs affected MEN 1 Autosomal dominant MEN1 gene on chromosome 11 Parathyroid (90 %), neuroendocrine tumours (NET) of the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract (60 %), pituitary…
Surgery of the Oral Cavity
Localized swellings (masses) Diffuse swellings (Macroglossia) A. Cystic swellings Vascular malformations Retention mucous cyst (ranula) Multiple neurofibromatosis Sublingual dermoid cyst Congenital causes: Thyroglossal cyst (at foramen cecum)…
Benign Neck Disease
56 Benign Neck Disease 56.1 Congenital Neck Masses 56.1.1 Lymphangiomas • Pathophysiology Normally 2 jugular sacs, 2 posterior sciatic sacs, and 1 retroperitoneal sac develop endothelial outbuddings and extend centrifugally…
Classifications
77 Classifications 77.1 Otology 77.1.1 Chronic Otitis Media • Healed COM: healed perforation, tympanosclerosis • Inactive mucosal COM: dry TM perforation, uninflamed ME mucosa • Inactive squamous COM: TM retraction,…
Metastatic Neck Disease
59 Metastatic Neck Disease 59.1 Triangles of the Neck • Anterior Submental Submandibular Carotid Muscular • Posterior Occipital Subclavian 59.2 Head and Neck Lymphatics 59.2.1 Waldeyer Internal Ring • Circular…
