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(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   Overview 1. Mechanisms that broaden our luminance range for vision Our visual system can function over a wide range of light intensities, from…

(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   Overview Visual electrophysiology is the recording of electrical signals produced by the visual system. It allows assessment of the entire visual pathway, from…

(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   Overview Visual acuity (VA) is a measure of keenness of sight. It is a relationship between the size of a stimulus and visual…

(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   Overview: The Physiology of Binocular Vision Binocular vision is obtained from two retinal images that are fused through motor and sensory processes culminating…

(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   Overview 1. Eye movements: functional domains and control systems A diverse range of eye movements is required for the visual system to function…

(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   Vascular Anatomy of the Eye (Fig. 11.1) Fig. 11.1 Blood supply of the eye Two separate vascular systems supply the eye: (i) The…

(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   Overview (Fig. 12.1) Fig. 12.1 The optic nerve. (a) Structure. (b) Divisions The optic nerve is a central nervous system (CNS) white matter…

(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   Overview Color is a subjective sensory phenomenon, not a physical attribute of an object. Color perception arises from stimulation of cones by light….

(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   The Cornea Overview The cornea is a transparent structure at the front of the eye. It is a powerful refractive surface and a…

(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   Overview Four rectus (superior, inferior, medial, and lateral) and two oblique (superior and inferior) extraocular muscles (EOMs) insert onto the eye and contribute…