Fig. 7.1 Procedure setup. (a) Patient is receiving a nebulizer treatment of 3 mL of 4% lidocaine pre-procedure. (b) Patient positioning and procedure room setup. Note the KTP laser machine on…
Fig. 11.1 HPV carcinogenesis process 11.2 HPV+ HNSCC Burden Based on GLOBOCAN 2012 (Ferlay et al. 2015), head and neck cancer accounted for 4.8% of the 14.1 million new cancer…
Hoarseness 590 (80.2%) Breathing disorder 266 (36.1%) Swallowing disorder 130 (17.7%) Voice abnormality 541 (73.5%) Breathing abnormality during exercise 308 (41.8%) Breathing abnormality at rest 234 (31.8%) Active papilloma growth…
Viral gene Viral life cycle Transformation and oncogenesis Immune modulation E1 DNA helicase activity. Regulates viral gene transcription E2 Regulates early gene promoter Knockout due to integration of viral genome…
Fig. 10.1 Tracheal papilloma at the distal tip of the indwelling tracheostomy tube One study noted that the right proximal bronchus was consistently more severely affected than the left (Blackledge…
Study Design Cohort Outcomes Bevacizumab Mohr et al. (2014) Case series Intravenous: 5–15 mg/kg per dose q 2–3 weeks initially, then increase interval N = 5 4 adults 1 child,…
Fig. 6.1 Clinical score, modified from the Derkay-Coltrera RRP staging /severity score (Derkay et al. 1998) Unfortunately, there does not currently exist a validated, disease-specific tool for measuring HRQOL in…
Gardasil Gardasil 9 Cervarix Gender Females and males in the USA Females and males in the USA Females Age (years) 9–26 Females 9–26 and males 9–21 9–25 Recommended age…
Fig. 2.1 Global reported rates of incidence and prevalence of JoRRP. Rates are per 100,000 children 2.1.1 Africa Estimates of incidence and prevalence for JoRRP have been reported for the…
Study Type of study Study period Onset (age) Incidence per 100,000 persons Prevalence per 100,000 persons Country/study population Lindeberg and Elbrond (1990) Population-based registry 1968–1984 Juvenile (<20 years) 0.362 – Denmark/Funen…
