Retinitis pigmentosa and related disorders
Clinical background The term retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is used to describe a group of inherited disorders in which vision loss is caused by degeneration of the rod and cone photoreceptor…
Cellular repopulation of the retina
Clinical background Advances in the treatment of diseases involving the ocular anterior segment, particularly the lens and cornea, have greatly decreased the prevalence of visual impairment caused by dysfunction of…
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disease associated with a deterioration of central vision. As AMD is the leading cause of blindness in persons aged 75 and older in the…
Retinal energy metabolism
Clinical background ( Box 73.1 ) Altered retinal oxygenation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of many retinal diseases and a hypothesized role in others. Unfortunately, despite decades of…
Acute retinal vascular occlusive disorders
Overview Acute retinal vascular occlusive disorders collectively constitute a major cause of serious visual impairment. Despite the fact that retinal artery occlusion (RAO) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) have been…
Retinal photic injury: Laboratory and clinical findings
Overview Retinal photoreceptors are paradoxically efficient in their ability to capture photons for visual transduction while being vulnerable to cellular damage from excess light. Although the molecular mechanism of visual…
Retinal detachment
Clinical background Retinal detachment (RD) is a physical separation of the neural retina from the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE). An important physiological ramification of the creation of a detachment is…
Inhibition of angiogenesis
Clinical background Ocular angiogenesis can be physiological or pathological, with physiological ocular angiogenesis occurring primarily during embryonic development (reviewed by Gariano ). Ocular angiogenesis in adults is usually pathological and…
Color vision defects
Clinical background Key symptoms and signs “Normal” color vision refers to the form of trichromatic color vision shared by most humans. It is mediated by three types of retinal cone…
