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(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   Overview: The Physiology of Binocular Vision Binocular vision is obtained from two retinal images that are fused through motor and sensory processes culminating…

(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   Overview 1. Eye movements: functional domains and control systems A diverse range of eye movements is required for the visual system to function…

(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   Vascular Anatomy of the Eye (Fig. 11.1) Fig. 11.1 Blood supply of the eye Two separate vascular systems supply the eye: (i) The…

(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   Overview (Fig. 12.1) Fig. 12.1 The optic nerve. (a) Structure. (b) Divisions The optic nerve is a central nervous system (CNS) white matter…

(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   Overview Color is a subjective sensory phenomenon, not a physical attribute of an object. Color perception arises from stimulation of cones by light….

(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   Overview Four rectus (superior, inferior, medial, and lateral) and two oblique (superior and inferior) extraocular muscles (EOMs) insert onto the eye and contribute…

(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   The Cornea Overview The cornea is a transparent structure at the front of the eye. It is a powerful refractive surface and a…

(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   Overview (Fig. 15.1) Fig. 15.1 The extrastriate cortex The extrastriate cortex is involved in the analysis of specific attributes of visual stimuli (e.g.,…

(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   The Tear Film Overview (Fig. 2.1a) Fig. 2.1 The tear film (a) distribution; (b) structure The tear film is a highly ordered fluid…

(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   Overview 1. Ocular rotations Ocular movements are mostly rotations; translational movements are minimal [1].   2. Listing’s plane and axes of Fick (Fig….