Method Routine evaluation Level of recommendation [4] EEG Recommended for basilar/hemiplegic migraine and epilepsy-related migraine IIB Evoked potentials Not recommended IIB Reflex responses Not recommended IV/IIIC Autonomic tests Not recommended…
A At least five attacks fulfilling criteria B–D B Headache attacks lasting 4–72 h (untreated or unsuccessfully treated) C 1. Unilateral location 2. Pulsating quality 3. Moderate or severe pain…
Ictal phase Interictal phase Neurophysiology EEG [7, 8] Alpha suppression H-response in photic driving Normal or abnormal alpha activity Alpha rhythm variability Evoked potentials [13] VEP Normal latencies ↑…
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014Bruno Colombo and Roberto Teggi (eds.)Vestibular Migraine and Related Syndromes10.1007/978-3-319-07022-3_5 5. Epidemiology of Vestibular Migraine and Related Syndromes Andrea Radtke1 (1) Department of Neurology, Vivantes Humboldt Klinikum, Am Nordgraben 2, 13509 Berlin,…
2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Auditory System General Overview Hearing and its disorders are intimately intertwined with the anatomy and physiology of the auditory system, which is composed of…
1 Acoustics and Sound Measurement We begin our study of audiology by reviewing the nature of sound because, after all, sound is what we hear. The science of sound is…
17 Effects of Noise and Hearing Conservation This chapter is concerned with the branch of audiology that deals with the effects and ramifications of excessive sound exposure. Terms like noise…
7 Acoustic Immittance Assessment Immittance We learned in Chapter 1 that acoustic immittance is the general term used to describe the various aspects of acoustic impedance and admittance. Let us…
6 Auditory System and Related Disorders This chapter gives an overview of the disorders of the auditory system. We will address the nature of various pathologies, where and when they…
11 Physiological Methods in Audiology An important aspect of audiology deals with the use of physiological tests in addition to the use of behavioral measurements. Physiological measurements provide powerful diagnostic…
