Fig. 13.1 Subcellular planar polarity. (Modified from Deans [2]) Fig. 13.2 Planar cell polarity (PCP). (Modified from Deans [2]) Fig. 13.3 Tissue polarity. (Modified from Deans [2]) 13.4.1 Subcellular Planar…

Fig. 28.1 (a) During normal development, sensory neuroblasts delaminate from the otocyst epithelium and migrate through the periotic mesenchyme (POM). During this phase there is a period of proliferation called…

Fig. 25.1 Diverse causes of the clinically diagnosed “retrocochlear” type of hearing loss. The precise pathology of each case is often difficult to determine clinically. Note that “synaptopathy” refers to…

Fig. 19.1 Structure of inner ear sensory epitheria (modified from [1]). (a) Mammalian organ of Corti. (b) Avian basilar papilla. (c) Avian and mammalian vestibular epitheria Another typical point of…

Fig. 21.1 Schematic illustration of normal development, de-differentiation, and transdifferentiation. The top of the hill represents an immature status of the cell, and the bottom represents a differentiated status. (a)…

Fig. 18.1 (a) Cross section of pontomedullary junction at level of lateral recess of the fourth ventricle (4th Vent.). DCN (Dorsal Coch. Nucl.) and VCN (Ventral Coch. Nucl.) are located…

Fig. 15.1 A virtual channel is generated by the simultaneous stimulation of adjacent electrodes. The sum of the electric fields produces a peak in the overall field located between the…

Fig. 3.1 Inner ear and sensory epithelia. (a) Schematic representation of the inner ear (orange) and its sensory epithelia (blue). There are six sensory epithelia in the inner ear. (b)…

Fig. 11.1 Early inner ear developmental steps from the inner cell mass to the otic vesicle with morphogens and marker genes. ICM inner cell mass, RA retinoic acid 11.2 Formation…