Endoscopy is advantageous in many aspects of pediatric ear surgery, especially for tympanoplasty and cholesteatoma. The narrower pediatric meatus can restrict access for a totally endoscopic approach, but when possible,…
Office-based transtympanic endoscopy through the perforation made by laser-assisted myringotomy (LAM) has been introduced for diagnosis of ossicular interruption, stapes fixation, tympanosclerosis, congenital cholesteatoma, and perilymphatic fistula. Endoscopy of the…
This article covers state-of-the-art instruments and devices specially designated for endoscopic ear surgery. New technologies stimulate the creation of special endoscopic equipment and microinstruments specially designed to satisfy the exclusive…
Currently, the main application of endoscopic surgery relies on the middle ear cholesteatoma surgical treatment. However, in the natural evolution of the technique there are the steps toward of lateral…
At present, the main application of endoscopic surgery is in the surgical treatment of middle ear cholesteatoma; however, for definitive validation and acceptance by scientific community, results are needed regarding…
This article presents the endoscopic anatomy of the retrotympanum and its relationship to other important anatomic landmarks in the middle ear to provide understanding of its importance and relevance during…
The use of an endoscope with varied angulations has allowed the surgeon to explore areas that were often not visualized using standard microscopic procedures. The endoscope has improved knowledge of…
A detailed and comprehensive discussion of transcanal endoscopic management of cholesteatoma is presented. After a presentation of the anatomy of the area, the rationale, advantages and limitations, technique, and long-term…
The endoscope allows for better inspection for cholesteatoma in cases with chronic otitis media, better access to selective epitympanic poor ventilation and secondary selective chronic otitis media, better visualization of…
This article discusses the mechanisms of aging and future areas of exploration, and addresses strategies to achieve successful aging given the current state of medical knowledge. The authors begin at…
