In the last 20 years, there has been a significant increase in the diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid tumors. With improved ultrasound technology and better access to sonographic imaging,…
Reoperative surgery in the neck for recurrent/persistent well-differentiated thyroid cancer is associated with increased morbidity compared with primary surgery. Reoperative surgery is technically more challenging because of the presence of…
Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), accounts for approximately 5% to 10% of all thyroid cancers. Significant advances in the understanding of the biology and clinical outcomes of MTC have been made…
Differentiated thyroid cancer is increasing in prevalence. This article discusses various aspects of the postoperative management of differentiated thyroid cancer including cancer staging, treatment, and monitoring. Treatment options discussed include…
Well-differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) carries an excellent prognosis. Although long-term survival rates are high, regional lymph node metastases are common. Surgical management of cervical lymph nodes is integral to the…
The surgical management of thyroid disease and its indications continue to evolve. Selecting the appropriate management can often be challenging to both physician and patient. This article describes the surgical…
Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is the crucial diagnostic test used for the evaluation of patients with a thyroid nodule. The result of an FNA determines if a patient can be followed…
Ultrasonography (US) is the single-most valuable imaging modality in the evaluation of the thyroid gland. This review discusses the US appearances of thyroid nodules, emphasizing sonographic features associated with potentially…
The thyroid specialist frequently evaluates thyroid nodules because they may represent malignancy. Nodules are typically found on physical examination or incidentally when other imaging studies are performed. Malignant or symptomatic…
This article describes the anatomy and embryology of the thyroid and parathyroid glands and the recurrent laryngeal nerve, discussing how the anatomy affects function and dysfunction of the glands. Embryology…
