Osteoporosis in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Considerations for Diagnosis and Treatment
t-score Bone mass 0 to –1 Normal –1 to –2.5 Low bone mass <–2.5 Osteoporosis Bone density measurements can be a powerful tool for determining who may be at risk…
OTOLARYNGOLOGY
A History of Hyperparathyroidism
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017Brendan C. Stack, Jr. and Donald L. Bodenner (eds.)Medical and Surgical Treatment of Parathyroid Diseases10.1007/978-3-319-26794-4_27 27. A History of Hyperparathyroidism Orlo H. Clark1 (1) Former Professor of Surgery, Division of Endocrime Surgery,…
Re-operative Parathyroid Surgery
Fig. 24.1 Algorithm for preoperative localization workup in recurrent or persistent hyperparathyroidism [2] When re-operative parathyroid surgery is necessary, it has been historically associated with an increased risk of vocal…
Surgical Management of Known Multiglandular Parathyroid Disease
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017Brendan C. Stack, Jr. and Donald L. Bodenner (eds.)Medical and Surgical Treatment of Parathyroid Diseases10.1007/978-3-319-26794-4_21 21. Surgical Management of Known Multiglandular Parathyroid Disease Daniel Clayburgh1 and Maisie Shindo1 (1) Otolaryngology/Head and Neck…
Single-Gland Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Classic and Early Disease
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017Brendan C. Stack, Jr. and Donald L. Bodenner (eds.)Medical and Surgical Treatment of Parathyroid Diseases10.1007/978-3-319-26794-4_5 5. Single-Gland Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Classic and Early Disease Dana L. Madison1 (1) Department of Otolaryngology and Division…
Ultrasound
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017Brendan C. Stack, Jr. and Donald L. Bodenner (eds.)Medical and Surgical Treatment of Parathyroid Diseases10.1007/978-3-319-26794-4_13 13. Ultrasound Donald L. Bodenner1 (1) Department of Geriatrics, Director Thyroid Clinic, University of Arkansas for Medical…
Hypoparathyroidism
Category of pathology Genetic defect Parathyroid gland destruction Surgery Radiation therapy Infiltration Autoimmune: isolated or APECED AIRE, 21q22.3 Reduced parathyroid gland function Autosomal dominant hypocalcemic hypercalciuria CASR, 3q13.3-21…
Evidence-Based Medicine: Approach and References Classification
Article type Definition Basic science Controlled experiment; independent variable affects a dependent variable in a laboratory setting Basic science review Review of basic science experiments Clinical investigation Controlled experiment; independent…
Evidence-Based Medicine
Timing of bias Type of bias Explanation Before a clinical trial begins Selection bias Study subjects improperly chosen Channeling bias Prognosis of study subject influences group or cohort assignment During…
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Severe hypercalcemia (>11.5 mg/dL) Calciphylaxis Persistent hypercalcemia more than 3–12 months post transplant Persistent hypercalciuria or phosphate wasting Fractures, bone pain, or rapid bone loss Nephrocalcinosis Pruritis PTH gland size…
