Transoral Robotic Surgery for Base of Tongue Cancer
Fig. 8.1 Set up. View from head of bed with intubated patient in suspension with robotic arms in proper orientation, demonstrating suture securing endotracheal tube and tongue suture 8.4 Robot…
OTOLARYNGOLOGY
Retractors for Transoral Robotic Surgery
Fig. 6.1 Crowe-Davis (left) and McIvor (right) retractor systems with different-sized tongue blades With many years of experience with these standard retractors for oropharyngeal surgery, it is no surprise that…
The Utilization of Transoral Robotic Surgery in the Pediatric Patient
Fig. 15.1 Oral cavity access in pediatric patient for lingual tonsillectomy and base of tongue reduction 15.3 Procedures Performed 1. TORS of the lingual tonsil and base of tongue (a)…
Anatomical Considerations in Transoral Robotic Approach
Fig. 5.1 Medial pterygoid muscle. The medial pterygoid (yellow arrow) is found deep to the middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle group. The middle constrictors along with the styloglossus muscle serve as…
Robotics in Surgery
Approach Site Pathology Number of published cases References TORS Oral cavity Malignancies 8 [25–27] Oropharynx: base of tongue and tonsils Malignancies 1,337 [24–36] Benign lesions 19 [13, 37–39] OSA 726…
Anesthetic Consideration for Robotic Transoral Surgery
Monitors and lines 1. Standard ASA monitoring (pulse, ECG, ETCO2, NIBP) 2. Arterial line Safety 1. IV patency 2. Eyes secured 3. Teeth protected 4. Arms tucked 5. Pressure points…
Robotic Surgery Training
Fig. 4.1 Diagram of the pathway to robotic training 4.1 Didactics Most otolaryngologists are not familiar with the robotic system and therefore need an introduction to the technology. There is…
Parathyroid Pathology
Fig. 30.1 Common ectopic locations for parathyroid glands . (a) Intrathyroidal; (b) Intrathymic The typical parathyroid gland is a thinly encapsulated ovoid gland measuring roughly 6 mm in greatest dimension,…
Surgery for Ectopic Parathyroid
Fig. 25.1 Parathyroid adenoma identified on office ultrasound Fig. 25.2 Posteriorly descended left superior parathyroid adenoma on ultrasound The abnormal inferior parathyroid gland is generally easier to image with ultrasound…
Parathyroid Physiology and Molecular Biology
Fig. 4.1 Bioactive vitamin D activates the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which interacts with a neighboring retinoic acid receptor. This complex then binds to the vitamin D response element (VDRE)…
