Fig. 4.1 Structure of the cochlea. A semi-thin plastic section through the cochlea of a 2-month-old rat. OC organ of Corti, TM tectorial membrane, SGN spiral ganglion neuron. Scale bar…
Fig. 8.1 Reformatted parasagittal oblique MRI images. (a) A normal cochlear nerve of larger diameter than the facial nerve. F facial nerve, C cochlear nerve, SV super. (b) A hypoplastic…
Fig. 9.1 Audiological and vestibular findings in a 2-year-old girl with OTOF mutation. (a) Audiogram. (b) Distortion product otoacoustic emission. (c) Auditory brainstem responses in response to 105 dBnHL clicks….
© Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2017Kimitaka Kaga (ed.)Cochlear Implantation in Children with Inner Ear Malformation and Cochlear Nerve DeficiencyModern Otology and Neurotology10.1007/978-981-10-1400-0_7 7. Outcome of Cochlear Implantation in Children with Cochlear Nerve Deficiency and/or…
Fig. 5.1 Classification system of inner ear malformation which was relevant to the varying stages of inner ear organogenesis 5.2 Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss 5.2.1 DFNB4/Pendred Syndrome DFNB4 is characterized by…
© Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2017Kimitaka Kaga (ed.)Cochlear Implantation in Children with Inner Ear Malformation and Cochlear Nerve DeficiencyModern Otology and Neurotology10.1007/978-981-10-1400-0_3 3. Embryology of Cochlear Nerve and Its Deficiency Irumee Pai1 (1) St. Thomas’…
Obesity (BMI >30 kgm−2) Large ipsilateral goiter Previous surgery to the neck Previous radiotherapy to the neck Important co-comorbidity (ASA>2) Suspicion of parathyroid carcinoma Ipsilateral acromioclavicular osteoarthritis The ideal RP…
Fig. 12.1 The position of the patient is supine with the head rotated to the contralateral side of the approach just as you would perform a parotidectomy. The neck, however,…
Fig. 13.1 Axial T1-weighted with gadolinium magnetic resonance images of a 78-year-old patient with prestyloid parapharyngeal pleomorphic adenoma; (a) preoperative, (b) 2 months postoperative 13.2 Surgical Anatomy The parapharyngeal space…
Fig. 7.1 Medrobotics Flex robot, approved for transoral robotic surgery in 2015 7.3 Indications The current indications for robotic-assisted surgery for tonsillar cancer are tumors amenable to total resection with…
