The Major Histocompatability Complex Rahul Mandiga Tracy Gosen Varsha Manjunath Stefan D. Trocmé OVERVIEW The major histocompatability complex (MHC) was initially defined on the basis of mapping gene loci that…

The Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Retina Susanna S. Park Interest in retinal anatomy has increased in recent years with the understanding of the importance of retinal function in…

Normal Flora of the Human Conjunctiva and Eyelid Regis P. Kowalski Melvin I. Roat Paul P. Thompson Introduction Microorganisms are present on the normal human conjunctiva and eyelid without causing…

Immunology of Infectious Systemic Diseases that Affect the Eye Mitchell H. Friedlaender Infectious diseases are intimately associated with the functions of the immune system. Much of our knowledge about basic…

Functional Anatomy of the Extraocular Muscles Howard M. Eggers EMBRYOLOGY The pattern of human eye muscle development is similar to that in elasmobranchs, reptiles, birds, marsupials, and the cat.1,2,3,4,5 A…

Immunologic Diagnosis of Ocular Infections Kirk R. Wilhelmus IMMUNOLOGIC DETECTION OF MICROBIAL ANTIGENS Antigen-antibody reactions are based on molecular interactions between antigenic epitopes and specific polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies. Precipitin…

Microbiologic Diagnosis of Ocular Infections Kirk R. Wilhelmus Establishing the etiology of ocular infections requires collecting appropriate specimens and performing definitive laboratory studies.1,2 Some physicians process and examine clinical specimens…

Aqueous Humor: Secretion and Dynamics B’Ann True Gabelt Julie A. Kiland Baohe Tian Paul L. Kaufman The aqueous humor is a transparent, colorless solution continuously formed from plasma by the…

Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques for the Demonstration of Normal Orbital, Periorbital, and Intracranial Anatomy James W. Karesh Iftach Yassur Marc J. Hirschbein Advanced diagnostic imaging techniques are essential for the evaluation…