Neuro-Ophthalmic Disease Pupil Abnormalities Leonid Skorin Jr Bruce G. Muchnick ICD-9: 379.40 THE DISEASE Pathophysiology Pupil size reflects the neural input of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems on the…

Oculoplastics Entropion Shoib Myint ICD-9: 374.00 THE DISEASE Pathophysiology Entropion or inversion of the eyelid margin can potentially lead to corneal opacification and subsequent damage leading to severe visual loss….

Pediatrics Amblyopia Suzanne M. Wickum ICD-9: 368.01—AMBLYOPIA, STRABISMIC ICD-9: 368.02—AMBLYOPIA, DEPRIVATION ICD-9: 368.03—AMBLYOPIA, REFRACTIVE THE DISEASE Pathophysiology Amblyopia is a unilateral or bilateral decrease in visual acuity, uncorrectable by optical…

Glaucoma and Related Conditions Ocular Hypertension (OHT) G. Richard Bennett Fiaz Zaman ICD-9: 365.01 THE DISEASE Pathophysiology OHT is a condition in which elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is found without…

Systemic Disease and the Eye Diabetes Mellitus Nicky R. Holdeman ICD-9: 250.00 THE DISEASE Pathophysiology Diabetes mellitus (DM) involves a complex sequence of events that often evolve over many years….

Ocular Trauma Blunt Trauma Andrew Mick THE DISEASE Pathophysiology Trauma to the eye from a blunt object results in a concussive shock wave throughout the orbit and globe. The mechanical…

Brain Trauma Low Vision in the Primary Care Practice Paul B. Freeman ICD-9: 369.00 THE DISEASE Establishing a practice emphasis of providing care for patients with visual impairments must begin…

Viral Infectious Diseases Adenovirus/Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis Marcus G. Piccolo Victor Malinovsky ICD-9: 077.1—Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis ICD-9: 077.3—Adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis THE DISEASE Pathophysiology Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) is a common adenovirus disease that causes infection…

Ocular Emergencies and Urgencies Sudden Vision Loss Anastas F. Pass ICD-9: 362.34—TRANSIENT ARTERIAL OCCLUSION—AMAUROSIS FUGAX ICD-9: 368.10—VISION DISTURBANCE; TRANSIENT VISUAL OBSCURATION ICD-9: 368.11—SUDDEN VISUAL LOSS ICD-9: 368.12—TRANSIENT VISUAL LOSS THE…