(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   Vascular Anatomy of the Eye (Fig. 11.1) Fig. 11.1 Blood supply of the eye Two separate vascular systems supply the eye: (i) The…

(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   Overview (Fig. 12.1) Fig. 12.1 The optic nerve. (a) Structure. (b) Divisions The optic nerve is a central nervous system (CNS) white matter…

(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   Overview Color is a subjective sensory phenomenon, not a physical attribute of an object. Color perception arises from stimulation of cones by light….

(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   The Cornea Overview The cornea is a transparent structure at the front of the eye. It is a powerful refractive surface and a…

(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   Overview Four rectus (superior, inferior, medial, and lateral) and two oblique (superior and inferior) extraocular muscles (EOMs) insert onto the eye and contribute…

(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   Overview (Fig. 15.1) Fig. 15.1 The extrastriate cortex The extrastriate cortex is involved in the analysis of specific attributes of visual stimuli (e.g.,…

(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   The Tear Film Overview (Fig. 2.1a) Fig. 2.1 The tear film (a) distribution; (b) structure The tear film is a highly ordered fluid…

(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   Overview 1. Ocular rotations Ocular movements are mostly rotations; translational movements are minimal [1].   2. Listing’s plane and axes of Fick (Fig….

(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   Overview 1. Structure and origins The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a hexagonally packed, monolayer of cuboidal epithelial cells that separates the neural…

(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   Overview The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) is located in the dorsal posterolateral thalamus. 1. Function All visual information for conscious perception travels through…