BASICS DESCRIPTION • Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infection caused by the acid-fast bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. – Systemic disease that mainly involves the lung – Extrapulmonary manifestations may occur with…

BASICS DESCRIPTION Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is an optic neuropathy which occurs after head or ocular trauma. 2 mechanistic etiologies are recognized. • Direct TON Trauma resulting from penetrating foreign…

Sunir J. Garg BASICS DESCRIPTION • Serous retinal detachment (SRD) is an elevation of the retina due to accumulation of fluid in the subretinal space and is not associated with…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Myasthenia gravis (MG) is the most common disorder of the neuromuscular junction. MG causes painless, variable, fatigable muscle weakness. Weakness can involve ocular, bulbar, limb, and respiratory…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • The facial nerve is the VII cranial nerve. – Innervation: – Muscles of facial expression – Sympathetic efferents to lacrimal and salivary glands – Sensory afferents from…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Migraine headache (HA): A chronic, recurrent episodic, stereotypical HA syndrome not caused by intracranial or systemic disease (but neural-based) – ± associated migraine features; ± aura –…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Dyslexia is a primary reading disorder. It is characterized by difficulty in understanding and using alphabetic and logographic principles to acquire accurate and fluent reading skills –…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Transient loss of vision in 1 or both eyes – Transient monocular visual loss (TMVL) – Transient binocular visual loss (TBVL) – System(s) affected: Central nervous system,…

Alok Bansal BASICS DESCRIPTION • Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is an inherited cancer predisposition syndrome characterized by various tumors affecting multiple organ systems (see ‘Commonly Associated Conditions’). • The primary…