Figure 8.1 Eyelid formation. Diagrammatic representation of eyelid formation in the seventh week of gestation. (From Katowitz JA, ed. Pediatric oculoplastic surgery. New York, NY: Springer; 2002.) Table 8.1 Stages of Eyelid…
Figure 14.1 A, Undifferentiated sarcoma displaying marked nuclear pleomorphism with multinucleate tumor cells and cells with bizarre nuclei (H&E, ×400). B, True capsule (asterisk) in a schwannoma (H&E, ×40). C, Pleomorphic…
Figure 33.1 Patient from the first published report of the efficacy of botulinum neurotoxin for the treatment of glabellar rhytides before and after injection. A, Resting appearance before onabotulinum treatment. B,…
Figure 20.1 Patient with a left-sided malignant lacrimal sac mass located below the medial canthal tendon. A triad of clinical findings described for LOS malignancies includes a palpable mass above the…
Normal CrC is dependent on patient age and, to a lesser degree, on gender (women have a lower CrC compared with men because of a lower overall body muscle mass)….
Figure 2.1 The processes of transcription and translation. DNA is made up of four nucleotides each containing one of four bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). DNA…
Figure 4.1 Correct fitting of a trial frame with each pupil in the centre of each aperture, both horizontally and vertically. Back vertex distance Place a lens (of any value)…
Figure 3.1 Emmetropia: light from a distant object forms an image on the retina Refractive error (ametropia) ‘Refractive error’ (ametropia) means that an eye does not allow light from a…
Figure 6.1 A focimeter Recording distance prescription Turn the focimeter on and set the focusing wheel to zero. Then turn the viewing eyepiece fully anticlockwise and look down the eyepiece,…
!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd”> 1 Introduction: a book for ophthalmologists Refraction, like most practical skills, is an art with a scientific basis. Once mastered, it is satisfying…
