Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria Visual acuity—light perception (LP) or better and worse than 36 letters in the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) acuity chart placed at 4 m (equivalent…

Design Purpose Explanatory Designed to answer a simple question: does the intervention work? If yes, how does it work? Pragmatic Designed to determine if the intervention works and also describes…

Fig. 20.1 Gram stain of vitreous aspirate showing multiple neutrophils along with Gram-positive thick bacilli (intracellular [left] and extracellular [right]) in oil immersion field (×1000)—bamboo stick appearance The Bacillus cereus…

Study (year) Country Infection MSSA% (N) MRSA% (N) HA-MRSA CA-MRSA EVS group 1990 [17] USA Endophthalmitis 7.4 (24/323 isolates) 1.9 (6/323 isolates) na na Freidlin et al. 2007 [16] USA…

Fig. 17.1 (Left) Patient with postoperative endophthalmitis on day 1 after cataract surgery. Managed with pars plana vitrectomy and intravitreal antibiotics. (Right) Quiet eye showing resolved infection at 6-month follow-up….

Authors Year Case occurrence Incidence Ho and Tolentino [2] 1984 4/2817 0.14% Cohen et al. [4] 1995 18/12,216 0.15% Aaberg et al. [3] 1998 3/6557 0.04% Zhang et al. [5]…

Fig. 14.1 S. epidermidis growth in a patient after intravitreal injection of Avastin. (Top) Gram stain at 100× magnification showing gram-positive cocci in groups; (bottom) blood (left) and chocolate (right)…