General and ocular pharmacology
Introduction This chapter covers the basic principles of clinical pharmacology, with particular reference to drugs used in the management of ophthalmic disorders, methods of ocular drug delivery, and the interactions…
OPHTHALMOLOGY
Embryology and early development of the eye and adnexa
Introduction This chapter aims to provide an embryological basis for understanding the anatomy of the eye and adnexa. Basic embryological and developmental events from the earliest formation of diverticula in…
Double vision
Contents 170 Introduction 172 Examination checklist 174 Management flowchart 185 Monocular diplopia 186 Binocular diplopia 186 Muscle or orbit disease Restrictive myopathy Paretic myopathy Acute orbitopathy 193 Neuromuscular junction disease…
Blurred vision or field loss: Not explained by visible ocular disease: optic disc/s normal, swollen, pale or “cupped”
Contents 28 Introduction 29 Examination checklist 31 Management flowchart 39 Optic neuropathy 40 Acute optic neuropathies 67 Chronic optic neuropathies 82 Suggested investigations for optic neuropathy that cannot be diagnosed…
Staying out of trouble
Contents 5 Twenty neuro “rules” to keep you out of trouble If you read only one chapter in this book, read this one. It covers the most common and most…
Neuro-ophthalmic history and examination
Contents 328 Introduction 328 History 331 Examination Visual acuity (VA) Color vision Visual fields to confrontation Fixation, alignment and eye movements Pupils Eyelids Orbits Cranial nerves Temporal arteries Slit-lamp examination…
Swollen disc/s, normal vision: (Note: for swollen disc/s with blurred vision or field loss, see)
Contents 108 Introduction 108 Examination checklist 110 Management flowchart 114 Disc pseudo-swelling 119 True disc swelling Suggested investigations for swollen disc/s with normal vision Eye disease Optic nerve disease Blood…
Unequal pupils
Contents 276 Introduction 277 Examination checklist 279 Management flowchart 280 Approach to anisocoria 280 Anisocoria with normally reactive pupils Physiologic anisocoria Horner syndrome Intermittent unilateral pupillary mydriasis (sympathetic form) 287…
