Floor of the Orbit and Course of the Infraorbital Nerve
Floor of the Orbit and Course of the Infraorbital Nerve 1 The zygomatic branch of the maxillary nerve leaves the infraorbital branch soon after the entrance to the inferior orbital…
Some Thoughts on the Orbicularis Oculi
Some Thoughts on the Orbicularis Oculi HOW TO APPROACH THE MEDIAL ORBITAL WALL FOR FRACTURE OR DECOMPRESSION 1 The lower orbicularis oculi muscle is attached to the orbital rim medially…
Superomedial Zone
Superomedial Zone 1 The corrugators, proceri, and frontalis muscles are innervated by the frontal (temporal) branches of the facial nerve on each side. The depressor supercilii and medial orbicularis oculi…
Lockwood’s Ligament/Whitnall’s Ligament
Lockwood’s Ligament/Whitnall’s Ligament LOCKWOOD’S LIGAMENT 1 The lower lid tarsus is 3.5 to 4 mm. Lockwood’s ligament is about 20 mm back from the inferior tarsal border. 2 Lockwood’s ligament…
Supraorbital Nerve Nuances/Dissections from Above
Supraorbital Nerve Nuances/Dissections from Above 1 The supraorbital foramen/notch varies from 2.3 to 2.7 cm from the midline in men and 2.2 to 2.5 cm from the midline in women….
Lower Lid Retractors
Lower Lid Retractors 1 The lower lid retractors are fascial extensions (the capsulopalpebral fascia) off the inferior rectus muscle, which inserts into the lower tarsal plate, an analog of the…
Special Section Introduction
Special Section Introduction Over the last few years, certain anatomic structures have gleaned renewed attention. They have, in my opinion, been properly discussed, and yet, the presentations of the anatomy…
ROOF and Beyond (Superolateral Zone)
ROOF and Beyond (Superolateral Zone) The “ROOF”—Retro-orbicularis oculi fat 1 Below the superolateral orbicularis oculi (preseptal and orbital part) and suborbicularis fascia, but above the orbital septum, the retro-orbicularis oculi…
The Lower Eyelid and Beyond
The Lower Eyelid and Beyond The earlier edition treated the eyelids together, but here the dissections go beyond that to expose those structures in separate zones. This chapter exposes the…
The Facial Nerve— Cranial Nerve VII
The Facial Nerve— Cranial Nerve VII Many of the advances in surgical and frontal techniques have forced the surgeon to understand the course of the temporal and zygomatic branches exactly….
