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Key points • Oral appliance therapy (OAT) should be considered for appropriate patients who request treatment of primary snoring or obstructive sleep apnea and express a preference for OAT rather…

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent disease entity that has become commonplace over the past few decades. Its surge in diagnosis can be linked to a better understanding of…

Mark A. D’Agostino MD, FACS, Editor The incidence of sleep-disordered breathing, and specifically obstructive sleep apnea, has increased significantly over the last several decades. This increase parallels the increase in…

This review discusses extended endoscopic and open sinus surgery for refractory chronic rhinosinusitis. Extended maxillary sinus surgery including endoscopic maxillary mega-antrostomy, endoscopic modified medial maxillectomy, and inferior meatal antrostomy are…

Patients with refractory chronic rhinosinusitis, by definition, have persistent, poorly controlled symptoms and objective inflammatory findings despite prior medical and surgical therapy. These patients represent a diagnostic and treatment challenge…

Topical therapy has become an important tool in the otolaryngologist’s armamentarium for refractory chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Daily high-volume sinonasal saline irrigation and standard metered-dose topical nasal steroid therapy are supported…

Refractory chronic rhinosinusitis can be challenging to treat. Initial treatment focuses on medical and nonsurgical treatments. If these treatments fail, revision endoscopic sinus surgery is an option. A plan for…

Office procedures in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) can be considered before and after medical management, as well as before and after surgical management. This article focuses specifically on refractory CRS, meaning…

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) represents a subset of chronic sinusitis with various causes. Some forms of the disease are driven by allergy, often in association with asthma. Refractory…