Management of Major Vascular Injury: Open
Major blood vessels are in proximity to other vital structures in the neck and base of skull. Infections and tumors of the head and neck can invade vascular structures. Vascular…
Management of Major Vascular Injury During Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery
A major vascular injury is the most feared complication of endoscopic sinus and skull base surgery. Risk factors for vascular injury are discussed, and an algorithm for management of a…
Managing Vascular Tumors—Open Approaches
The most common vascular tumors encountered by the otolaryngologist are rare chromaffin cell tumors termed paragangliomas. Within the head and neck region, they commonly arise from the carotid body, vagus…
Endoscopic Management of Vascular Sinonasal Tumors, Including Angiofibroma
The greatest challenge in the surgical treatment of angiofibromas is dealing with the hypervascularity of these tumors. Staging systems that take into account the vascularity of the tumor may be…
Hemostasis in Otologic and Neurotologic Surgery
Hemostasis is a critical component of otologic and neurotologic surgery. In these surgeries the surgical field is small; thus, even a small amount of bleeding can obstruct the view of…
Hemostasis in Orbital Surgery
This article highlights the major vascular supply of the orbit and structures supplied by these vessels. Key anatomic principles are then reviewed as they pertain to endoscopic orbital surgery in…
Thyroidectomy Hemostasis
Total thyroidectomy has significantly changed over the years from a morbid procedure to one that is performed routinely on an outpatient basis. This article reviews the history of thyroid surgery…
Hemostatic Options for Transoral Robotic Surgery of the Pharynx and Base of Tongue
Surgery with transoral robotic surgery (TORS) offers significant advantages compared with traditional open surgical approaches and potentially minimizes the long-term side effects of organ preservation therapy with chemoradiation. Angled telescopes…
Hemostasis in Laryngeal Surgery
The larynx is a highly vascularized organ supplied by the superior and inferior laryngeal arteries. Both microphonosurgery and external laryngeal surgery require excellent hemostasis. Topical agents including adrenalin and fibrin-based…
Hemostasis in Skull Base Surgery
Having absolute hemostasis is crucial in skull base surgery, because bleeding decreases visualization and increases the risk of postoperative complications. Achieving hemostasis starts from the preoperative evaluation. A thorough clinical…
