This article introduces the pathogenesis and relevant anatomy of Zenker diverticulum. The clinical symptoms and relevant investigation are presented along with the various therapeutic interventions including open and endoscopic approaches….
Patients with dysphagia are at high risk for malnutrition. Several strategies may be used to address the nutritional needs of these patients. Dietary modification, the addition of oral supplements, or…
This article contains a brief atlas for esophageal dysphagia, with an emphasis on endoscopic evaluation. Dysphagia refers to an abnormality with food propulsion, and it may be caused by oropharyngeal…
Understanding the basic anatomy and physiology contributing to esophageal peristalsis can help with comprehension of esophageal disease states. Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), an extraesophageal variant of gastroesophageal reflux disease, is retrograde…
This article reviews the current standard of care for the instrumental evaluation of swallow function using the modified barium swallow (MBS) and the functional endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES). Both…
This article provides an overview of bedside screening and assessment tools in patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia including the diagnostic performance of screening tools; the gold standards in assessment of dysphagia…
Dysphagia is a common problem that has the potential to result in severe complications such as malnutrition and aspiration pneumonia. Based on the complexity of swallowing, there may be many…
Swallowing is a complex physiologic function that involves precisely coordinated movements within the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus. This article reviews the anatomy, muscular control, and neurophysiological control of…
The purpose of this article is to update the otolaryngologic community on recent developments in the basic understanding of how cough, swallow, and breathing are controlled. These behaviors are coordinated…
As mammals evolved, the larynx accrued added importance in new activities such as effectuating intra-abdominal pressure control during the transition from egg-laying to birthing and control of intrathoracic stabilization as…
