Adrenergic agonists have been used as ocular hypotensive agents since 1900 when Darier treated glaucoma patients with subconjunctival injections of epinephrine. Two decades later, Hamburger applied epinephrine topically to reduce…
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) continue to be the only systemic agents used for the long-term treatment of glaucoma, if only occasionally. A topical version introduced more than 40 years after…
In 1967 Phillips and co-workers reported that an intravenous injection of propranolol, a β-adrenergic antagonist, lowered intraocular pressure (IOP) in humans. Within a short time, other investigators found that oral…
INTRODUCTION That primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and, especially, glaucoma occurring in childhood or associated with other developmental anomalies had familial characteristics has been known since the mid nineteenth century. Von…
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) can be considered a chronic, progressive, anterior optic neuropathy that is accompanied by a characteristic cupping and atrophy of the optic disc, visual field loss, open…
Despite the fact that there are many different types of glaucoma with different manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and treatment modalities, this chapter summarizes some of the generalizable concepts of glaucoma management….
GRADING OF CHAMBER ANGLE There has been an evolution in the clinical methods used to describe the anterior chamber angle. An earlier scheme described by Scheie emphasized the most posteriorly…
GLAUCOMATOUS CHANGES IN THE VISUAL FIELD Damage in glaucoma can be conveniently divided into two types: structural and functional. Structural damage to the eye is seen as a characteristic abnormality…
A number of factors can affect a visual field test other than the disease being studied. It is important to minimize the influence of these variables as completely as possible…
INTRODUCTION Glaucoma diagnosis and monitoring require assessments of both structure and function of the optic nerve and ganglion cell layer. The traditional tests of these parameters for the past half…
