Surgery of the Lacrimal Drainage System
Anatomical Considerations The tear film is important for the integrity of the ocular surface and thus for sight. It consists of three parts: mucin, water, and lipid, which are produced…
Topographical Anatomy of the Orbit
Topographical Anatomy of the Orbit 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Shape, Borders, Orifices, and Topographical Relations 1.3 Protective Apparatus of the Eye 1.4 Contents of the Orbit 1.5 Topography of Pathways Located…
Traumatology and Traumatic Optic Neuropathy
Cause Frequency Falls 10–38% Sports accidents 5–31% Assaults 4–41% Traffic accidents 12–59% Work accidents 0.8–5% Others 0.8–3% Injury mechanisms are highly dependent on locoregional features. While in Innsbruck (Austria) and…
Surgical Approaches to the Orbit
Endonasal Transethmoidal Approach (Medial Orbitotomy) H.-J. Welkoborsky This is a classic rhinosurgical approach. 18.2.1 Indications The indications for this approach are peribulbar and intraconal retrobulbar space-occupying masses, abscesses, aspergillomas, or vascular…
Pathology of the Orbit
Observations on Classification The orbit is affected by diverse diseases with a significant emphasis on inflammatory reactive changes ( ▶ Table 9.1). Table 9.1 Distribution of orbital diseases (Rootman, 1988) Disease…
Reconstructive Orbital Surgery
Principles of Orbital Reconstruction Both congenital and acquired orbital deformities can necessitate reconstructive treatment of the orbit. However, this does not mean that functional impairments, such as diplopia, are always…
Radiotherapy of Orbital Diseases
Technique 14.2.1 Percutaneous Radiotherapy (External Beam Radiotherapy) Linear accelerators are used in the main to produce ultrahard photon or electron radiation for percutaneous radiation (external beam radiotherapy, EBRT) Occasionally, X-ray tubes…
Intraconal Orbital Tumors
Evaluation/Diagnosis As seen already in other chapters, when presented with an orbital mass the treating clinician must first decide whether the mass is an infectious or inflammatory condition, or whether…
Anesthesiological Aspects of Orbit Surgery
Clinical Anatomy Reference should be made to Chapter ▶ 1 for an understanding of the significant clinical anatomy pertinent to anesthesiological care. The optic nerve consists of the bundled axons…
Tumors of the Fronto-orbital Skull Base, the Optic Nerves, and the Intracranial Optic Pathways
Meningiomas of the Frontal Skull Base and the Orbit Intracranial meningiomas are very common, accounting for 25 to 30% of all primary intracranial tumors; they frequently involve the orbital structures…
