Features Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN) is a typically monocular inflammatory condition caused by various subretinal nematodes. DUSN tends to affect younger individuals and is classified into early and late…
38.1 Features Cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) is a photoreceptor degenerative disorder, representing a remote effect of various types of tumors and is associated with presence of various types of antiretinal antibodies in…
Common Symptoms Ocular complaints (noted in up to 50% of Behçet patients) are usually bilateral; symptoms include photophobia, eye pain, decreased vision, red eye, and floaters. Systemic manifestations, including oral…
23.1 Features While clinical findings of radiation retinopathy and diabetic retinopathy (DR) overlap considerably, a discussion of the initiating insults can provide a better understanding of the disease process. Ionizing radiation…
34.1 Features Pattern dystrophies (PDs) include a group of genetically determined retinal disorders, of which, a major subset have been associated with mutations in the PRPH2 gene, also known as peripherin/RDS….
56.1 Features Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infects one-third of the world’s population. In the United States, the overall case rate of active TB is rare. Foreign-born persons constitute approximately two-thirds of those…
53.1 Features Ocular toxocariasis (OT) is a helminthic disease that may cause a large spectrum of ocular complications. It is one of the most common parasitic causes of visual loss in…
12.1 Features Retinal tears most frequently develop from vitreous traction, often during a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). Such tears are typically horseshoe in configuration, with an anterior retinal “flap” that is…
Features Talc (magnesium silicate) serves as a common vehicle for many intravenous medications used for recreational use such as heroin, codeine, meperidine, pentazocine, methadone, and methylphenidate hydrochloride (Ritalin). Intravenous injection…
9.1 Features A full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) is a complete retinal defect that results in the separation of retinal layers and typically occurs in the fovea. FTMH prevalence has been reported…
