Testing category Specific test(s) Tests for a general clinic Tests for a specialized unit Symptoms Questionnaires McMonnies, Schein, OSDI, DEQ, OCI, SPEED, and others McMonnies, Schein, OSDI, DEQ, OCI,…
Fig. 6.1 Inferior conjunctivochalasis The primary indication for surgical intervention for conjunctivochalasis is intolerance of foreign body sensation. The most common locations of excess conjunctiva causing symptoms include inferiorly and…
Fig. 1.1 Etiological classification of dry eye Aqueous–deficient dry eye is due to lacrimal disease or dysfunction, whereby tear hyperosmolarity is caused by evaporation from a reduced volume of tears….
Treatment goals Tests Relieve symptoms Symptom questionnaire: McMonnies, OSDI Enhance lubrication Lid-wiper fluorescein staining Stabilize tear film TFBUT Protect ocular surface cells Ocular Protection Index Retard evaporative tear loss Tear…
Fig. 4.1 Preservative-free unit-dose vials Fig. 4.2 COMOD® system for preservative-free multidose containers AT consists of an active ingredient that promotes ocular surface wetting, buffering agents, preservatives, electrolytes, and other…
Authors Study duration Region/country Population studied Age (years) Definition Denominator Prevalence 95 % CI Schein et al. (1997) 1993–1995 USA 2,420 participants in the Salisbury Eye Study 65≤ At least…
Fig. 11.1 Patient using bimatoprost only in the right eye. Periorbital skin changes and hypertrichosis are noted unilaterally (Courtesy of Drs. Tarek Shazly and Mark Latina) Pupils I review the…
Fig. 27.1 A graph comparing the aqueous flow across the trabecular meshwork and the inner wall of Schlemm’s canal withand without tension on a Prolene suture in the canal (Reprinted…
Fig. 26.1 Line of incision into anterior chamber (Cairns [2]. With permission from Elsevier) Fig. 26.2 Elevation of the corneoscleral flap (Cairns [2]. With permission from Elsevier) Although Cairns intention…
Current diagnostic approaches Symptoms based Mechanism based Angle-closure configuration based International Society of Geography and Epidemiology of Ophthalmology (ISGEO) Acute angle-closure Pupillary block Pure pupillary block Primary angle-closure suspect (PACS)…
