Artificial Vision
58 Artificial Vision Nancy Kunjukunju Hirokazu Sakaguchi Motohiro Kamei Hugo Quiroz-Mercado At one time, it was believed that visual loss was permanent once the neural retina or optic nerve…
Submacular Surgery
43 Submacular Surgery Nancy Holekamp INTRODUCTION ubmacular surgery evolved during the 1990s in an attempt to offer patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) an alternative treatment to observation or…
Macular Edema Associated with Vascular Occlusion
24 Macular Edema Associated with Vascular Occlusion Jawad Ahmad Qureshi Sharon Fekrat Daniel Finkelstein Occlusion within retinal veins may occur in the central retinal vein, producing a central retinal…
Epiretinal Membrane
27 Epiretinal Membrane Richard C. Lin William F. Mieler William J. Wirostko Epiretinal membranes (ERMs) are proliferations of fibrous tissue along the inner retinal surface. Since their initial description…
Periocular Steroids
38 Periocular Steroids Beatriz S. Takahashi Jason S. Slakter Howard F. Fine INTRODUCTION Periocular steroids were first used clinically in the 1950s. Delivering the medication locally maximizes the effect…
Pediatric Macular Surgery
47 Pediatric Macular Surgery Mark K. Walsh Antonio Capone Jr. Michael T. Trese Pediatric macular surgery offers a unique and interesting set of challenges relative to adult macular surgery….
Intravitreal Triamcinolone
39 Intravitreal Triamcinolone Francisco Gómez-Ulla Javier Ferro Maria José Blanco Maximino Abraldes BACKGROUND Glucocorticosteroids are synthetic analogs of hormones produced by the suprarenal gland. Traditionally these drugs have been…
20-Gauge Sutureless Vitrectomy
19 20-Gauge Sutureless Vitrectomy Carl Claes Anna Paula R. Lafeta INTRODUCTION Sutureless pars plana vitrectomy was first proposed by Chen (1), and it was based on 20-gauge (20G) self-sealing scleral…
Genetics of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
31 Genetics of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Mike Grassi Josephine Hoh Ophthalmology has a rich tradition of providing major contributions to the field of genetics. For instance, the first inherited…
Pharmacotherapy of Choroidal Neovascularization
34 Pharmacotherapy of Choroidal Neovascularization Wayne W. Wu Franco M. Recchia Paul Sternberg Jr. MECHANISM OF CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels by the sprouting…
