Fig. 1 Emergency Airway Management Algorithm for Difficult-Critical Airways. Note the differences and similarities between neonatal emergency algorithms and pediatric algorithms. (a) Neonatal algorithm (courtesy of The Neonatal Airway Program–CHOP)….
where P g − P e = the pressure gradient between stomach and lower esophagus R = the radius of the esophagus L = the length of the LES (essentially, the distance from crura to GE junction) η = the…
Choanal stenosis and atresia Congenital nasal piriform aperture stenosis Midnasal stenosis Nasal masses Dermoid cyst Encephalocele Glioma Hemangioma Nasolacrimal duct cyst Deviated nasal septum Rhinitis of the newborn Congenital Nasal…
Fig. 1 Crouzon & Apert Syndromes. (a) Front, & (b) Side view of Crouzon Syndrome. Note brachycephaly (short skull in AP dimension, with flat occiput), frontal bossing, maxillary hypoplasia with…
Drawing 1 Flexible nasopharyngolaryngoscopy The flexible nasopharyngolaryngoscopic exam should not be considered an alternate or equal exam to direct laryngobronchoscopy as the entire airway cannot be examined thoroughly with this…
Vascular malformations Venous Lymphatic Capillary Arterial and arteriovenous Mixed (combined) Vascular neoplasms Infantile hemangioma (IH) Congenital hemangioma (CH) Rapidly involuting (RICH) Non-involuting (NICH) Others Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) Tufted angioma (TA)…
Fig. 1 Organizational system chart showing components of a successful airway safety program. People, process, and tools make up the system For the program to succeed, those taking care of…
Fig. 1 Frontal view (a) from a contrast esophagogram shows a smooth round impression on the right side of the upper esophagus due to a right aortic arch (arrow). On…
Fig. 1 Normal trachea with rigid cartilaginous support Other abnormalities associated with tracheomalacia include a variety of syndromes and additional aerodigestive, cardiac, and neurologic anomalies (Table 1). In their series,…
Double aortic arch Right arch dominant Left arch dominant Balanced double arch Right aortic arch Mirror image branching Retroesophageal left subclavian artery Circumflex aorta Pulmonary artery sling Innominate artery compression…
