2.2 Patient Positioning Fig. 2.1 The three variables for positioning of the head in ear microsurgery: rotation, tilt, and flexion–extension. Fig. 2.2 Incorrect positioning with the head under rotated, extended, and tilted. This…
A rigorous understanding of anatomy underlies safe and effective ear microsurgery. Traditionally, anatomical dissection of temporal bones was the primary educational means of being introduced to the complex and convoluted…
Facial nerve injury is a risk in virtually all ear procedures and its injury is the most dreaded complication in routine otologic surgery. Historically, it was sometimes said that “God…
Diseases of the ossicular chain most often occur as an aftermath of infection and less commonly due to trauma or tumor. Conductive hearing loss may result from either discontinuity of…
12.2 Temporal Bone Fractures Fig. 12.1 Fractures through the petrous pyramid may result from either posterior or lateral blows to the head. The skull base fractures more easily when struck from the…
Cochlear implantation remains one of modern medicine’s greatest innovations, having restored hearing to hundreds of thousands of individuals around the world. Refinements of implant technology and associated surgical techniques have…
10.2 Endolymphatic Sac Surgery Fig. 10.1 In preparation for exposure of the endolymphatic sac, an intact canal wall mastoidectomy is performed. In contrast to many drawings which appear in otologic texts, the…
13.2 Lateral Temporal Bone Resection Fig. 13.1 Temporal bone resection for malignancy encompasses three related procedures of progressively increasing depth: sleeve resection of the external auditory canal (solid line), lateral temporal bone…
The petrous apex is the medial portion of the petrous ridge situated between the inner ear and the clivus. In its base lies foramen lacerum traversed by the internal carotid…
Pulsatile tinnitus may have many sources. Most commonly it occurs in conductive hearing loss, especially middle ear effusion, due to reduced external hearing and augmented vascular pulsations conducted through the…
