Drug Dose Advantages Disadvantages Special precautions AmBD 1–1.5 mg/kg/day Inexpensive Nephrotoxicity Test dose, premedication to prevent hypersensitivity reaction Maximum experience Poor CNS penetration LAmB 5–10 mg/kg/day Less nephrotoxicity Expensive Good…
Fig. 1 Classification of fungal sinusitis based on tissue invasion. After Chakrabarti et al. [19] Saprophytic fungal infestation: This is described as asymptomatic colonization of mucous crusts within the sino-nasal…
, Rudolf Leuwer2, Konrad Schwager3 and Sören Wenzel4 (1) Otology and Neurotology Division, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA (2) Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, HELIOS Hospital, Krefeld, Germany…
, Rudolf Leuwer2, Konrad Schwager3 and Sören Wenzel4 (1) Otology and Neurotology Division, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA (2) Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, HELIOS Hospital, Krefeld, Germany…
, Rudolf Leuwer2, Konrad Schwager3 and Sören Wenzel4 (1) Otology and Neurotology Division, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA (2) Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, HELIOS Hospital, Krefeld, Germany…
, Rudolf Leuwer2, Konrad Schwager3 and Sören Wenzel4 (1) Otology and Neurotology Division, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA (2) Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, HELIOS Hospital, Krefeld, Germany…
Complications, risks, and consequences Estimated frequency Most significant/serious complications Infection 1–5 % Bleeding/hematoma formation 1–5 % Vascular injury 1–5 % External jugular vein branches Thyroid injurya 1–5 % Damage to…
Complications, risks, and consequences Estimated frequency Most significant/serious complications Bruising 50–80 % Bleeding/hematoma formationa 5–20 % Infection 1–5 % Seroma formation 5–20 % Rare significant/serious problems Suture abscess ± suture sinusa 0.1–1…
Complications, risks, and consequences Estimated frequency Most significant/serious complications Bleeding or hematoma formation 1–5 % Infection 1–5 % Inability to correct long-term symptoms (muscle weakness; anesthesia, or parasthesia)a (overall) 1–5…
Complications, risks, and consequences Estimated frequency Most significant/serious complications Bleeding or hematoma formationa 1–5 % Infectiona 1–5 % Hypertrophic/keloidal scarringa (overall) 1–5 % Special body sites (e.g., sternum, shoulder)a 5–20…
