!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd”> 5 Retinoscopy of a model eye The Refraction Certificate Examination may require you to complete objective refraction (retinoscopy) of a model eye within…
Room 2 Station 4: Cycloplegic retinoscopy 3 – first eye of a patient. Station 5: Cycloplegic retinoscopy 4 – second eye of the same patient. Station 6: Lens neutralisation with…
SECTION V Special Topics 20 Examination and Diagnosis of the Pediatric PatientMARY ELIZABETH HARTNETT Pediatric Retinal Examination What Are Signs of Retinal Disease in Infants and Children? In many retinal…
19 Noninfectious InflammationRONALD BUGGAGE Categorizing Uveitis How Is Uveitis Defined? Strictly speaking, uveitis is defined as inflammation of the uvea that is composed of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid….
12 HemorrhageFRANCO M. RECCHIA AND GARY C. BROWN The presence of hemorrhage in the posterior segment may cause significant visual disturbance and may signify a serious ocular or systemic abnormality….
22 Retinal Disease and the Anterior Segment SurgeonJOEL PEARLMAN AND JULIA HALLER Endophthalmitis What Is Endophthalmitis? Endophthalmitis is a severe ocular condition involving infection of the internal structures of the…
17 Retinal DetachmentSCOTT M. STEIDL Evaluation of a Retinal Detachment What are the Symptoms of a Retinal Detachment? Common symptoms include (1) visual field loss, often described as a “curtain”…
SECTION IV The Inflamed Eye and Retinal Disease 18 Infectious UveitisALI DJALILIAN AND ERIC SUHLER Toxoplasmosis What Is the Life Cycle of Toxoplasma gondii? Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular…
23 Clinical Trials in RetinaKAREN GEHRS AND SHARAM DANESH Treatment of Choroidal Neovascularization (Macular Photocoagulation Study and Others) Why Was the Macular Photocoagulation Study Conducted? Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a…
7 Areas of Fundus Whitening: Geographic WhiteningQUAN DONG NGUYEN AND DIANA VAN DO What Is Fundus Whitening, and Why Does It Exist? Caucasians often have orange–yellow fundi, whereas persons with…
