Ento Key

Fig. 15.1 Ansa-recurrent nerve anastomosis [14–16, 24]. Schematic posterior view of the procedure. Left side. XII: Hypoglossal nerve. PCA posterior cricoarytenoid muscle The next step is to identify the RLN….

Fig. 14.1 (a) Synkinetic Reinnervation right side. Abduction inhibition right side (green marked RLN) because of co-stimulation of the PCA and LCA muscles, due to sprouting of abductor axons into…

Fig. 10.1 The optimal injection site for Vox Implants is the deep paraglottic space, between the thyroarytenoid muscle and the inner perichondrium of the thyroid cartilage Fig. 10.2 Microlaryngoscopic view…

Trigeminal nerve (CN V) Motor innervation  Mastication—temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoid  Hypolaryngeal excursion—Mylohyoid, anterior belly digastric  Tensing velum—Tensor veli palatini Sensory innervation  Bolus manipulation—sensation from mouth, cheeks, and anterior…

No. of patients 69  Female 34  Male 35 Age (y)  Mean ± SD 56 ± 16  Minimum 11  Maximum 83 Follow-up (mo)  Mean ± SD 50 ± 44  Minimum 1…

Etiology Comment Paralytic etiology Traumatic Lesion of the recurrent laryngeal nerve or of the vagal nerve on both sides Iatrogenic Mainly during thyroid surgery Neurologic Myasthenia gravis, stroke, and amyotrophic…

• Evaluation of the glottis at rest for tremor or paradoxical motion during quiet breathing • Evaluation for pooling of secretions • Evaluation of glottal closure pattern, vocal fold motion…

Fig. 8.1 Injection with laryngoscopy guidance. This approach is a direct visualization of the injection point, but is not often tolerated in dystonia patients Fig. 8.2 Percutaneous BT injection in…