The History of Treating Orbital Cellulitis
Fig. 1.1 Orbital cellulitis on the right side presenting with significant upper and lower eyelid edema (Image courtesy of Michael T. Yen, M.D.) The classification of orbital cellulitis can be…
Management of Acute Rhinosinusitis
Fig. 7.1 (a) Figure demonstrating normal sinus anatomy. (b) Figure demonstrating concha bullosa and large infraorbital ethmoid cell causing obstruction of the ostiomeatal complex Environmental irritants, such as allergens and…
Medical Therapy for Bacterial Preseptal and Orbital Cellulitis Associated with Sinusitis
Fig. 6.1 (a) T1-weighted coronal MRI scan showing a large superior orbital abscess (arrow) on the left side associated with sinusitis. (b) T2-weighted coronal MRI scan showing obstruction of the…
Mechanisms of Visual Loss from Orbital Cellulitis
Fig. 3.1 Schematic for mechanisms of visual loss from orbital cellulitis in relation to an illustration of the visual pathways. (1) Angle closure glaucoma. External photograph showing conjunctival injection and…
Electrophysiological Assessment
Fig. 1.1 For EMG-guided injection of botulinum toxin, the needle has to be hollow. The shaft of the needle is insulated except the tip. For a bipolar recording, the reference…
Non-cosmetic Botulinum Toxin Treatments in the Head and Neck
OnabotulinumtoxinA AbotulinumtoxinA IncobotulinumtoxinA RimabotulinumtoxinB CBTX-A Bonta Commercial name Botox®, Botox Cosmetic®, Vistabel®, Vistabex® Dysport®, Reloxin®, Azzalure® Xeomin®/Bocouture® Myobloc®, NeuroBloc® Prosigne®, Lantox® Neuronox® Company Allergan Inc. Medicis Pharmaceutical Group Merc…
Unilateral Vocal Fold Immobility
Reasons for immobility of vocal folds Comment Palsy/paresis/paralysis Most frequent reason Lesion of recurrent nerve Lesion of vagal nerve Movement impairment of arytenoid cartilage/cricothyroid joint abnormalities/ankyloses (Sub)luxation (e.g. after emergency…
Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring and Management of Iatrogenic Vocal Cord Paralysis
Fig. 7.1 Cernea’s classification of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) In 1992 Cernea [4] classified the EBSLN into three types: Type 1: Nerve crossing the superior…
Laryngoscopic Techniques and Office-Based Phonosurgery in Neurolaryngological Disorders
Fig. 11.1 Flexible transnasal endoscopy is the preferred approach to assess neuromuscular movement disorders within clinical diagnostics [Courtesy of Olympus Europe SE & Co. KG, Hamburg, Germany] 11.2.1 Testing of…
Laryngeal Transplantation
Fig. 16.1 Surgical technique of the first successful composite total laryngeal transplant. Vascular anastomoses included the donor right internal jugular vein to the recipient right facial vein, donor left middle…
