Fig. 2.1 (a) Top: B-scan in endophthalmitis showing multiple low to medium reflective echoes in the vitreous cavity. Bottom–left: B-scan in endophthalmitis showing membrane-like echoes in the vitreous cavity. Bottom-right:…
Fig. 26.1 Staphylococcus aureus. Left—culture smear showing gram-positive cocci in pairs, short chains, and clusters (S. aureus, Gram stain, ×1000); right—blood agar showing heavy growth of opaque, golden yellow colonies…
Endophthalmitis Acute onset Delayed onset Glaucoma filtration surgery Common microorganisms Coagulase negative Staphylococci Propionibacterium acnes Haemophilus influenzae Staphylococcus aureus Coagulase negative Staphylococci Staphylococcus species Gram-negative bacteria Fungi Post-traumatic endophthalmitis—Acute or…
Diffusion Dilution Diffusion and dilution Stokes method MIC method 1. Broth dilution 2. Agar dilution E test method Kirby-Bauer method MIC: Minimum inhibitory concentration Selection of the appropriate method will…
Anterior segment Posterior segment Lid edema Intense conjunctival congestion Dry appearing hypopyon Yellowish white nodular exudates on the iris and lens surface Yellowish white infiltrates at corneo-scleral wound Intense vitritis…
Category Criteria Indication IA Strongly recommended for implementation and strongly supported by well-designed experimental, clinical, or epidemiological studies Alcohol hand rub—routine hand antisepsis in all clinical situations if hands are…
Fig. 23.1 Schematic representation showing the factors involved in the growth of microbes in the vitreous. Insert (a) shows the generation time and sustenance of microbial growth due to the…
Fig. 16.1 Post-penetrating keratoplasty graft infection with endophthalmitis Fig. 16.2 Post-DSEK endophthalmitis. (a) A case of pseudophakic corneal oedema that received DSEK. (b) Post-DSEK acute endophthalmitis with infiltrates in donor…
Type of sample Expected organisms Stains/media/incubation Aqueous fluid/vitreous fluid/vitreous biopsy • Bacteria, fungi • Fungi • Gram, Giemsa • Calcofluor white, Gomori methenamine silver Bacteria (aerobic and anaerobic) and fungi…
Fig. 22.1 Structure of corticosteroid Mechanism of Action Corticosteroids exert their anti-inflammatory activity through the following mechanisms: They cause constriction of blood vessels, which reduces the vascular permeability, thereby reducing…
