Subjective Refraction: Fogging and Use of the Astigmatic Dials Jay H. Kaufman History Today’s ophthalmologist is the beneficiary of a long and sometimes controversial process that has resulted in the…
Correction of Ametropia with Spectacle Lenses Susannah B. Marcus Melvin L. Rubin The provision of spectacles to correct vision is based on both science and art. Prescribing appropriate corrective lenses…
Biology of the Eye as an Optical System * Karla Zadnik Donald O. Mutti Theoretically, ametropia might result from an anomalous dioptric apparatus or from an abnormal axial length of…
Physical Optics David Miller Paulo Schor As eye doctors, we measure the optical properties of the eye and study its structures. To enable us to understand our instruments, we are…
