Significant Diabetic Macular Edema (CSME)
BASICS DESCRIPTION • The Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (EDTRS) defined CSME as one of the 3 following criteria: – 1) Any retinal thickening within 500 microns of the center…
Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO)
Gaurav K. Shah BASICS DESCRIPTION • An obstruction of blood flow through the central retinal vein. It commonly presents with a variable level of decreased or blurred vision. – Can…
Corneal Ulcers
Gitanjali B. Baveja BASICS DESCRIPTION • Local epithelial defect with degradation or inflammation of underlying tissue • Synonyms: Corneal infiltrate, infectious or noninfectious keratitis EPIDEMIOLOGY Incidence Bacterial keratitis • 30,000…
Sinus Thrombosis
Ann P. MurchisonJurij R. Bilyk BASICS DESCRIPTION • Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) is a potentially life-threatening condition. • The etiology of CST can either be septic, aseptic, or vascular. •…
and Hemifacial Spasm
BASICS DESCRIPTION • Involuntary closure of both eyelids (blepharospasm) or muscles innervated by facial nerve unilaterally (hemifacial spasm): – Blepharospasm: – Essential (without associated disease) – Blepharospasm-oromandibular dystonia or Meige…
Cavernous Fistula
Ann P. MurchisonJurij R. Bilyk BASICS DESCRIPTION A carotid/cavernous sinus fistula (CCF) is an abnormal communication between an artery and the venous plexus within the cavernous sinus (CS). This can…
Effusion/Detachment
BASICS DESCRIPTION • Choroidal effusion is the accumulation of fluid (serous) or blood (hemorrhagic) into the suprachoroidal potential space due to increased intramural pressure. • Often occur after trauma, perioperatively,…
