Segment: Challenges Prithvi Mruthyunjaya In proangiogenic diseases such as neovascular age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR), there is growing interest in delivery of targeted therapeutic agents to the…
Anti-Vegf Therapy The FDA approval of anti-VEGF therapy for the treatment of exudative ARMD has heralded a new era for the management of this devastating disease, offering patients and their…
Neovascularization Robert N. Frank INTRODUCTION The human retinal vasculature is essentially complete at birth in the full-term infant. These vessels elongate with growth of the eye through childhood and adolescence,…
Results: At the month 24 examination for the primary outcome, 53% of verteporfin-treated patients compared with 38% placebo-treated patients lost fewer than 15 letters. In subgroup analyses for predominantly classic…
FIGURE 4.1. Summary diagram of VEGF expression in the developing retina. (Reprinted from Stone et al. J Neurosci. 1995;15:4738–4747, with permission.) In addition to the well-studied transcriptional induction of VEGF…
FIGURE 23.1. A: Intense angiogenesis leads to a plexus of vessels with shunts and saccular dilations. B: Antiangiogenic therapy can lead to a pruning of vessels, particularly those that are…
Macular Edema P.S. Silva • Z.A. Haddad • J.K. Sun • J.D. Cavallerano • L.P. Aiello Introduction For the past 20 years, diabetic retinopathy (DR) has remained the most common…
FIGURE 30.1. The role of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B on blood vessel growth and mural cell coverage in a corneal neovascularization model. A: Endothelial cells were labeled by staining with…
Pathologic neovascularization occurs in various ocular tissues, including the cornea, iris, retina, and choroid Tissue Disease/Trauma Cornea Contact lens injury Trauma/alkali injury Infectious keratitis (trachoma) Iris Enucleation (i.e., retinoblastoma) Central…
FIGURE 9.1. Schematic diagram showing how diabetes in conjunction with hypertension and hyperlipidemia causes alteration of the BRB, leading to DME. Both increased levels of growth factors and proteinases, as…
