Ento Key

Fig. 19.1 Example of an upper canalicular laceration In order to inspect the canaliculus the punctum is dilated first. A size “00” Bowman probe can then be passed through the…

Fig. 4.1 Development of the nasolacrimal system begins at approximately the sixth week of gestation. An epithelial layer of ectodermal tissue is entrapped as a core between the lateral (frontonasal)…

Fig. 15.1 Comparison of Gladstone-Putterman tube (above) and Jones tube (below) Indications for Endoscopic CDCR Canalicular stenosis is the most common indication for endoscopic CDCR. This blockage may be secondary…

Fig. 12.1 Vertical incision and horizontal incisions for mucosal flap Bone Removal and Rhinostomy The endonasal laser technique is carried out with the assistance of a potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP)…

Fig. 16.1 A 14 G angiocath is inserted from the caruncular area, in an inferomedial direction and is visualized in the nose with the endoscope Fig. 16.2 The needle is…

Fig. 14.1 The superior aspect of the skin incision is 11 mm medial to the medial commissure, extending inferiorly and slightly laterally for approximately 18 mm The elevator is used…

  Previous external DCR (%) Previous endoscopic DCR (%) P-value Preoperative nasal findings Nasal mucosal fibrosis 8 (32) 15 (26.3) 0.598 Synechiae between middle turbinate and anastomosis site 5 (25)…

Fig. 21.1 Griffiths nasal catheter with silicone intubation tube The GNC has a standard lumen diameter and is available in two collar sizes. A 12 mm collar diameter is primarily…

Fig. 20.1 Application of topical MMC by using a cotton applicator soaked with 0.5 mg/ml MMC over the punctal opening to minimize the adhesions and scar tissues around the opening…