Recent Progress in Cochlear Implant
Fig. 15.1 A virtual channel is generated by the simultaneous stimulation of adjacent electrodes. The sum of the electric fields produces a peak in the overall field located between the…
Otic Induction
Fig. 11.1 Early inner ear developmental steps from the inner cell mass to the otic vesicle with morphogens and marker genes. ICM inner cell mass, RA retinoic acid 11.2 Formation…
Somatic Stem Cells
Fig. 32.1 Bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells in the cochlea. From bone marrow and adipose tissue, stromal or stem cells are available. They have…
Pluripotent Stem Cells
Fig. 31.1 Establishment of pluripotent stem cells. (a) ES cells are derived from inner cell mass. (b) iPS cells are derived from somatic cells, using viral transfection, plasmid transfection, mRNA…
Inner Ear Stem Cells
Fig. 30.1 Inner ear stem cells. Potential candidates of stem cells are supporting cells [2, 4, 5, 7–9], cells at LER [2, 4, 7], cells at GER [3], and tympanic…
Afferent Dendrite and Axon
Fig. 29.1 Projection of regenerated neurons to the peripheral targets including inner hair cells and electrodes of cochlear implants and to the central target, the cochlear nucleus neuron 29.2 Projection…
Gene Therapy for Regeneration and Preservation of Spiral Ganglion Neurons
References Vector Promoter NTFs Delivery route Effects Animal Staecker et al. [28] HSV-1 HSV-1 IE 4/5 promoter BDNF Scala tympani SGN survival Ototoxically deafened mice Yagi et al. [29] Ad5-CMV…
SGN Development
Fig. 26.1 Schematic representation of the developing SGNs in mice, modified Coate and Kelley [3]. (a) Neuroblasts delaminate from the otocyst and form the CVG. (b) The last wave of…
Cell Therapy
Fig. 24.1 Challenges to be overcome in cell therapy for hair cell regeneration. In left hand, requirements for preparation and transplantation of stem/progenitor cells are listed. In the middle, survival,…
