Irene Ludwig and Malcolm Ing Summary Fibrosis and scarring may affect alignment directly due to muscle contracture and indirectly via connective tissue restriction and conjunctival shortening. Techniques to correct alignment…
David Stager Jr. and David Stager Sr. Summary Inferior oblique weakening procedures presented in this chapter include chemodenervation, disinsertion, various myotomies, recessions, myectomy, nasal myectomy, anterior transposition, anterior nasal transposition,…
Monte A. Del Monte Summary The surgical treatment of strabismus usually involves three types of procedures, which can be performed on rectus muscles or oblique muscles. Classical procedures involve variations…
John E. Bishop Summary This chapter describes the basic and specialty instruments used in strabismus surgery. Included are discussions of specula, forceps, hooks, retractors, calipers, and needle holders. strabismus –…
Rebecca Lee and Frederick M. Wang Summary Individualizing anesthesia choices for strabismus surgery based on patient considerations leads to a better and safer patient experience, improved surgical outcome, and a…
