33 Procedures to Restrict Movement

Feb 21, 2021 by in OPHTHALMOLOGY Comments Off on 33 Procedures to Restrict Movement

Irene Ludwig Summary Limitation of eye movement may not always be correctable. Cranial nerve palsies, Duane’s syndrome, trauma, and other causes of restrictive strabismus may result in bothersome diplopia in…

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23 Classic Strabismus Surgery: Rectus Muscle

Feb 21, 2021 by in OPHTHALMOLOGY Comments Off on 23 Classic Strabismus Surgery: Rectus Muscle

Marilyn B. Mets Summary Surgery of the rectus muscles is the most common form of strabismus surgery performed. An understanding of anatomy, careful planning, and excellent surgical technique are required…

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35 Transpositions

Feb 21, 2021 by in OPHTHALMOLOGY Comments Off on 35 Transpositions

Irene H. Ludwig and Lionel Kowal Summary Transposition of an extraocular muscle shifts its insertion to change its mode of action. Transposition procedures are usually used to treat deviations resulting…

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31 Injection Technique

Feb 21, 2021 by in OPHTHALMOLOGY Comments Off on 31 Injection Technique

Alan Scott, Seyhan B. Oezkan, and Talita Namgalies Summary In adults using topical anesthesia, both botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) and bupivacaine (BUP) are readily injected using electromyography (EMG). Medial…

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30 Pulley Surgeries

Feb 21, 2021 by in OPHTHALMOLOGY Comments Off on 30 Pulley Surgeries

Irene Ludwig and Yair Morad Summary Procedures developed in recent years using knowledge of the orbital pulleys, as well as directly correcting pulley abnormalities, include pulley posterior fixation and equatorial…

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26 Superior Oblique Surgical Techniques

Feb 21, 2021 by in OPHTHALMOLOGY Comments Off on 26 Superior Oblique Surgical Techniques

Irene Ludwig, Monte Stavis, and Donny Suh Summary The superior oblique tendon is approached at its insertion in the superotemporal quadrant, or at its ropelike tendon superonasally, adjacent to the…

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