Clinical Anatomy of the Orbit and Periorbital Area
Fig. 1.1 Orbit anatomy: (a) pear-shaped 3D model of the orbit; (b, c) axial cross-sectional images of the orbits and the main parameters of the interorbital topographic and anatomic relationships:…
Orbital Floor Fractures
Fig. 3.1 The “hydraulic” theory of the orbital floor fracture (citation from Della Rocca [52]). See explanation in the text: It is an interesting fact that, contrary to the established…
Radiological Examination of the Orbit
Fig. 2.1 The main views of the skull: (a, b) the anterior and posterior views. The auricular vertical plane runs parallel to the X-ray film holder, while the median sagittal…
Frontobasilar Fractures
Fig. 8.1 The frontobasilar region: (a–c) Borders of the frontobasilar region. (d) Energy required for different facial segments to fracture [150] The basilar region is also subdivided into the central…
Naso-Orbito-Ethmoid Fractures
Fig. 5.1 Types of NOE fractures: (a) anatomy of the NOE region. (b) Telescopic displacement of nasal bones into the interorbital space. (c) Trajectory of a NOE fracture. (d) Complete…
Zygomaticoorbital Fractures
Fig. 6.1 Zygomaticoorbital fracture: (a) Isolation of the zygomatic bone with respect to four sutures. (b) Fracture lines in a typical zygomaticoorbital fracture: (1) the fracture line starting from the…
Medial Wall Fractures
Fig. 4.1 Medial wall fractures: (а) “trap-door” fracture. There is some adipose tissue entrapped in the fracture site (arrow), (b) comminuted fracture of the medial wall, (c) comminuted fracture on…
Maxillary Fractures
Fig. 7.1 Vertical and horizontal midfacial zygomaticomaxillary buttresses: 1 nasomaxillary buttress, 2 zygomaticomaxillary buttress, 3 pterygomaxillary buttress, 4 fronto-ethmoid-vomerine buttress, 5 frontal buttress, 6 infraorbital buttress, 7 inferior (U-shaped) buttress…
