Electrophysiological Assessment
Fig. 1.1 For EMG-guided injection of botulinum toxin, the needle has to be hollow. The shaft of the needle is insulated except the tip. For a bipolar recording, the reference…
Non-cosmetic Botulinum Toxin Treatments in the Head and Neck
OnabotulinumtoxinA AbotulinumtoxinA IncobotulinumtoxinA RimabotulinumtoxinB CBTX-A Bonta Commercial name Botox®, Botox Cosmetic®, Vistabel®, Vistabex® Dysport®, Reloxin®, Azzalure® Xeomin®/Bocouture® Myobloc®, NeuroBloc® Prosigne®, Lantox® Neuronox® Company Allergan Inc. Medicis Pharmaceutical Group Merc…
Unilateral Vocal Fold Immobility
Reasons for immobility of vocal folds Comment Palsy/paresis/paralysis Most frequent reason Lesion of recurrent nerve Lesion of vagal nerve Movement impairment of arytenoid cartilage/cricothyroid joint abnormalities/ankyloses (Sub)luxation (e.g. after emergency…
Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring and Management of Iatrogenic Vocal Cord Paralysis
Fig. 7.1 Cernea’s classification of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) In 1992 Cernea [4] classified the EBSLN into three types: Type 1: Nerve crossing the superior…
Laryngoscopic Techniques and Office-Based Phonosurgery in Neurolaryngological Disorders
Fig. 11.1 Flexible transnasal endoscopy is the preferred approach to assess neuromuscular movement disorders within clinical diagnostics [Courtesy of Olympus Europe SE & Co. KG, Hamburg, Germany] 11.2.1 Testing of…
Laryngeal Transplantation
Fig. 16.1 Surgical technique of the first successful composite total laryngeal transplant. Vascular anastomoses included the donor right internal jugular vein to the recipient right facial vein, donor left middle…
Laryngeal Pacing
Fig. 14.1 (a) Synkinetic Reinnervation right side. Abduction inhibition right side (green marked RLN) because of co-stimulation of the PCA and LCA muscles, due to sprouting of abductor axons into…
Surgical Reinnervation
Fig. 15.1 Ansa-recurrent nerve anastomosis [14–16, 24]. Schematic posterior view of the procedure. Left side. XII: Hypoglossal nerve. PCA posterior cricoarytenoid muscle The next step is to identify the RLN….
Phonosurgery: Transoral Endoscopic Techniques
Fig. 10.1 The optimal injection site for Vox Implants is the deep paraglottic space, between the thyroarytenoid muscle and the inner perichondrium of the thyroid cartilage Fig. 10.2 Microlaryngoscopic view…
Neurolaryngological Disorders and Deglutition
Trigeminal nerve (CN V) Motor innervation Mastication—temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoid Hypolaryngeal excursion—Mylohyoid, anterior belly digastric Tensing velum—Tensor veli palatini Sensory innervation Bolus manipulation—sensation from mouth, cheeks, and anterior…
