Epiretinal Membrane
27 Epiretinal Membrane Richard C. Lin William F. Mieler William J. Wirostko Epiretinal membranes (ERMs) are proliferations of fibrous tissue along the inner retinal surface. Since their initial description…
Intravitreal Triamcinolone
39 Intravitreal Triamcinolone Francisco Gómez-Ulla Javier Ferro Maria José Blanco Maximino Abraldes BACKGROUND Glucocorticosteroids are synthetic analogs of hormones produced by the suprarenal gland. Traditionally these drugs have been…
20-Gauge Sutureless Vitrectomy
19 20-Gauge Sutureless Vitrectomy Carl Claes Anna Paula R. Lafeta INTRODUCTION Sutureless pars plana vitrectomy was first proposed by Chen (1), and it was based on 20-gauge (20G) self-sealing scleral…
Pharmacotherapy of Choroidal Neovascularization
34 Pharmacotherapy of Choroidal Neovascularization Wayne W. Wu Franco M. Recchia Paul Sternberg Jr. MECHANISM OF CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels by the sprouting…
Genetics of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
31 Genetics of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Mike Grassi Josephine Hoh Ophthalmology has a rich tradition of providing major contributions to the field of genetics. For instance, the first inherited…
Complications of Photocoagulation
54 Complications of Photocoagulation María H. Berrocal Virgilio Morales-Canton Photocoagulation of the retina has undergone significant advances and refinements since its initial application by Gerd Meyer-Schwikeratz in 1949 (1)….
Macular Choroidal Melanoma
49 Macular Choroidal Melanoma Jerry A. Shields Carol L. Shields Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignant tumor among Caucasians. The epidemiology, clinical features, diagnostic approaches, management,…
Submacular Hemorrhage
52 Submacular Hemorrhage Rishi P. Singe Hilel Lewis INTRODUCTION Submacular hemorrhage is a common consequence of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (Figure 52-1A, 52-1B)….
Age-Related Macular Degeneration
30 Age-Related Macular Degeneration Jie Jin Wang Ronald Klein Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), also termed age-related maculopathy (ARM), is the leading cause of irreversible blindness and visual impairment in…
Intraocular Dyes for Vitreoretinal Surgery
29 Intraocular Dyes for Vitreoretinal Surgery Michel E. Farah Eduardo B. Rodrigues Mauricio Maia Lihteh Wu J. Fernando Arevalo INTRODUCTION The intraocular application of dyes to assist visualization of…
