Pure-Tone Audiometry
80 Pure-Tone Audiometry Pure-tone audiometry is the cornerstone of clinical auditory assessment. It is a psychoacoustical test which aims to establish the subject’s pure-tone hearing threshold levels at specific frequencies,…
Lasers in ENT
45 Lasers in ENT 45.1 Introduction LASER is an acronym for Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation. The possibility of laser light, which is monochromatic (same colour), coherent…
Vestibular Schwannoma
121 Vestibular Schwannoma Vestibular schwannoma represents 8% of all intracranial tumours and 80% of cerebellopontine angle tumours. They arise from Schwann’s (neurilemmal) cells. The nerve of origin is usually the…
Robots in ENT/Head and Neck Surgery
92 Robots in ENT/Head and Neck Surgery 92.1 Introduction Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) was initially conceived for oropharyngeal cancer. The traditional treatment for this primary site, until the turn of…
